{"id":4018,"date":"2026-08-25T15:45:48","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T15:45:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/?p=4018"},"modified":"2026-08-25T15:45:50","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T15:45:50","slug":"how-does-a-short-circuit-form-and-what-is-its-effect","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/blog\/how-does-a-short-circuit-form-and-what-is-its-effect\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch M\u1ed9t M\u1ea1ch Ng\u1eafn H\u00ecnh Th\u00e0nh V\u00e0 \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng C\u1ee7a N\u00f3 L\u00e0 G\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed7i v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00eda sau t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ng\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra ngay khi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 d\u00e2y v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfng n\u1ed5 l\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch trong b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n; kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n khi n\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ng\u1eaft b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda l\u1edbn. Trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00e0i mili gi\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3: v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: Ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 v\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh, d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u00e2y ra ch\u00e1y; h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi; n\u1ed5 do h\u1ed3 quang trong m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>Ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i g\u00e2y d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ea5p, do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecf qua t\u1ea3i (l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). Khi m\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea3i (m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1), v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf trong m\u1ea1ch gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho m\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Khi x\u1ea3y ra ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i thay th\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c trong khi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u00ean d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4019\" src=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/How-Does-a-Short-Circuit-Form.webp\" alt=\"How Does a Short Circuit Form\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n<p>S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t: \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Ohm; I = V\/R. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>X\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac: hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh, d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac x\u1ea3y ra do c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, d\u00e2y l\u1ecfng, \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, v.v.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5: \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ohm (0,01 \u0111\u1ebfn 0,5 ohm) so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ohm.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt: \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng l\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 120 volt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 0,1 ohm, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 120\/0,1 ho\u1eb7c 1200 ampe trong khi \u0111\u00e8n 60W ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 0,5 ampe. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p 2400 l\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn.<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c: qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh nhi\u1ec7t trong d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Joule: P=I^2 * R. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, v\u00ec v\u1eady ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn ampe \u0111i qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e1y l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bay h\u01a1i kim lo\u1ea1i trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y.<\/li>\n<li>Tia h\u1ed3 quang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra: n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u00e1ch ra, tia h\u1ed3 quang s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng: M\u1ea1ch ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb l\u00fac ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch di\u1ec5n ra trong ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e2y n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tia h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lan r\u1ed9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eafn g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eafn x\u1ea3y ra ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eafn<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eafn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\n<th>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra<\/th>\n<th>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<th>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>D\u00e2y n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>D\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh, b\u1ecf qua t\u1ea3i<\/td>\n<td>D\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n b\u1ecb m\u00f2n, c\u00e1p b\u1ecb k\u1eb9p ph\u00eda sau \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch (ng\u1eaft t\u1eeb t\u00ednh)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>D\u00e2y n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng (pha \u0111\u1ebfn pha)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn mang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau<\/td>\n<td>Cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, c\u00e1p \u0111a d\u00e2y b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t<\/td>\n<td>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch (d\u00f2ng l\u1ed7i cao)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>L\u1ed7i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t (d\u00e2y n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>D\u00e2y d\u1eabn mang \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td>D\u00e2y ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c khung m\u00e1y<\/td>\n<td>GFCI\/RCD (ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng 4-6 mA)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>L\u1ed7i bolted ba pha<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>C\u1ea3 ba pha b\u1ecb ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u2014 d\u00f2ng l\u1ed7i t\u1ed1i \u0111a<\/td>\n<td>H\u1ecfng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/td>\n<td>B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn theo c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ng\u1eaft; nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tia h\u1ed3 quang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>L\u1ed7i h\u1ed3 quang<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Tia h\u1ed3 quang gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao qua khe h\u1edf<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ee9t<\/td>\n<td>AFCI (b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch l\u1ed7i h\u1ed3 quang)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u1ed7i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eafn, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ri\u00eang v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng l\u1ed7i n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u0111i qua c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2014 ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i h\u1ed3 quang, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft ch\u00e1y khi c\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u xung quanh, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch AFCI hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong khu v\u1ef1c sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u1edf.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4020\" src=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/The-8-Common-Causes-of-short-circuits.webp\" alt=\"The 8 Common Causes of short circuits\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>8 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n<p>\u1ede c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng: L\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2y d\u1eabn b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m do tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng UV c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. D\u00e2y c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n cao su c\u0169 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1950) c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t.<\/li>\n<li>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo: n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb l\u1ecfng, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o d\u00e2y d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c si\u1ebft qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<li>H\u01b0 h\u1ea1i do \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng: chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m kh\u00e1c c\u1eafn ph\u00e1 l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 trang tr\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m: n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai d\u00e2y d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0103n m\u00f2n l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. H\u1ed9p n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i: ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra nguy hi\u1ec3m an to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<li>H\u01b0 h\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: \u0111inh v\u00e0 v\u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean qua t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o c\u00e1p trong khi c\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1p b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t).<\/li>\n<li>L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t k\u00e9m: nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m (\u0111\u1ed5i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, v.v.) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch trong l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t: d\u00e2y d\u1eabn qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i s\u1ebd n\u00f3ng l\u00ean, l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t. C\u00e1p qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb mili gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ph\u00fat:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ch\u00e1y. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. Theo C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Ch\u00e1y Hoa K\u1ef3, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u00e2y ra h\u01a1n 44.000 v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y nh\u00e0 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y kh\u00e1c xung quanh.<\/li>\n<li>Arc flash and blast (industrial). Short-circuiting leads to generating exploding arcs, providing terribly hot and bright effects, plus pressure wave. Injuries caused by arc flashes are some of the most serious injuries received by workers in the electrical sphere \u2014 this is why PPE and safety procedures when working around energized equipment are included in NFPA 70E standards.<\/li>\n<li>Electrical shock. Ground faults cause modern appliances to energize any metal surface \u2014 any grounded device can become live, hence causing a deadly shock.<\/li>\n<li>Destruction of equipment. Fault currents can damage motor windings, traces on PCBs, transformers, and transistors within a few milliseconds, ruining other devices before and after the fault.<\/li>\n<li>Cost and downtime. In one location, one cable goes short-circuited and shuts down the entire line. It takes hours to locate the fault, and fixing it and losing production can lead to high expenses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Short Circuit vs Overload: What&#8217;s the Difference?<\/h2>\n<p>Both of these fault types are often misunderstood, but they are actually separate; the breaker sees them differently:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>T\u00ednh N\u0103ng<\/th>\n<th>Short Circuit<\/th>\n<th>Overload<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/td>\n<td>Unintended low-resistance path bypassing the load<\/td>\n<td>Too many loads (or an oversized load) on the circuit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Current level<\/td>\n<td>Hundreds to thousands of amps<\/td>\n<td>Slightly to moderately above rated (e.g., 25A on a 20A circuit)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Speed of damage<\/td>\n<td>Instantaneous<\/td>\n<td>Gradual heating over minutes or hours<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Breaker response<\/td>\n<td>Magnetic\/instantaneous trip (milliseconds)<\/td>\n<td>Thermal trip (delayed, seconds to minutes)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Typical sign<\/td>\n<td>Breaker trips the instant it&#8217;s reset<\/td>\n<td>Breaker trips after equipment runs a while<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>A practical field tip: if the breaker goes off every single time you reset it immediately, it is highly likely that there is a short circuit. The breaker will only trip after some time in the presence of load if the problem is due to overloading.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4021\" src=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/How-Circuits-Are-Protected.webp\" alt=\"How Circuits Are Protected\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>How Circuits Are Protected<\/h2>\n<p>Since shorts are an inescapable part of any electrical system during its lifetime, various methods of short circuit protection have been developed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fuses are among the oldest and easiest options available. They consist of an element made of metal that has a specific melting point. When overwhelmed with electric current the element melts and creates a break in the current path. fuses are cheap, fast, and dependably safe methods of protection; however once they are used, they need to be replaced.<\/li>\n<li>Circuit breakers consist of two devices \u2014 one magnetic solenoid that opens the circuit with the help of an electric current of up to ten times its rating, and bimetal strip that reacts to overload longer than a second.<\/li>\n<li>Residual current devices or GFCIs are types of devices that detect the imbalance of current of about four to six milliamperes between the hot and neutral wires in less than one fortieth of a second and stop the current.<\/li>\n<li>Arc fault circuit interrupters rely on digital technology that enables them to detect the phenomenon of arcing and prevent it.<\/li>\n<li>In order for the whole chain of protection to work properly, all parts must be coordinated and sized correctly, so the protection must be provided by the right method of sizing the wires, devices, and ratings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Understanding how these protective devices are specified \u2014 and how they differ \u2014 is exactly what our <a href=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/blog\/what-is-ul-489-breakers\/\">UL 489 breaker standard guide<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/blog\/what-is-mccb-and-mcb\/\">So s\u00e1nh MCB v\u00e0 MCCB<\/a> cover in depth.<\/p>\n<h2>What Happens If a House Has a Short Circuit?<\/h2>\n<p>The experience all comes down to whether the protection system works or not.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Case with a proper circuit breaker in working order: the breaker trips immediately, disconnecting power to the circuit. If there is a short circuit, it can be noticed from the dead lights and devices, as well as the circuit breaker in the middle position in the panel, whereas switching it back on restores power as soon as the malfunction is eliminated.<\/li>\n<li>In case of a permanent short, after resetting the breaker, one has to deal with the fact that the breaker again reacts quickly, but if it does not work properly any further attempts to reset it are dangerous due to the need to fix the problem before the breaker can go back to work.<\/li>\n<li>In case of a poor protection system, the malfunction may lead to a fire when an element of a circuit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The conclusion is that when a short circuit happens in a properly wired house, it leads to a breaker trip and repair, while it leads to a risk of a fire and shock in houses with poor wiring.<\/p>\n<h2>How to Find and Fix a Short Circuit<\/h2>\n<p>In the event of an immediate circuit breaker trip that remains in a closed position, here\u2019s what you should do (the circuit breaker should be in off position and safe practices must be observed):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>First, unplug everything on that circuit. Reset the circuit breaker after all the loads have been disconnected \u2014 if the circuit breaker remains in the closed position after that, one of the appliances that were plugged into the circuit earlier is at fault, that can be determined by plugging them in again one at a time.<\/li>\n<li>If the circuit breaker trips again, with nothing plugged into the circuit: the cause of the trouble is in the wiring and devices used on that circuit as there might be a cable issue, a receptacle issue, or wire connection issue.<\/li>\n<li>Inspect for any damage at first: check for cut or damaged wires, pinched cables, burnt wire sections or any other evidence of damage on electrical devices.<\/li>\n<li>Check devices and wires: check that wires are tight and that you don\u2019t have any moisture in the junction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In case the problem is located in the walls, a licensed electrician must be called since it will take a long time to detect where the electric short is located and may result in fire and loss of life.<\/p>\n<h2>How to Prevent Short Circuits<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Never use damaged cords and appliances; cords that are frayed and plugs that are cracked are considered to be damaged cords and appliances and must be replaced.<\/li>\n<li>Avoid overloading circuits and daisy-chaining power strips because this can lead to a reduction in insulation and shorting in the end. The 15-amp circuit capacity guide indicates what is the allowable load for the circuit.<\/li>\n<li>Avoid the occurrence of water in the vicinity of electricity: GFCI protection is required in kitchens, bathrooms, outside, and garages; cords should be kept dry.<\/li>\n<li>Use AFCI technology in the living parts of your estate to catch arcing shorts that are missed by the circuit breakers.<\/li>\n<li>Get wiring inspected in older homes, especially in the case of such types of wiring as cloth\/rubber insulation, aluminum wiring (which requires CO\/ALR-rated devices), knob-and-tube systems.<\/li>\n<li>It is important to soundly control pests that can lead to shorts; attics and crawl spaces must be sealed.<\/li>\n<li>Use certified materials and devices from the breakers to outlets so that protection is never bypassed by the larger breaker &#8220;since it always trips.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Annual checks of industrial panels: thermal imaging and torque checks catch loose connections before they become faults \u2014 the same maintenance discipline we describe in our <a href=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/blog\/how-to-tell-if-a-breaker-is-bad\/\">h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>How does the short circuit form and what is its effect?<\/h3>\n<p>A short circuit occurs when electricity moves through an unintended low-resistance route \u2014 if a hot wire connects to a neutral wire, an adjacent live wire, or the ground potential of the power system. Because of very low resistance, Ohm&#8217;s Law (I = V\/R) result in a transition from normal current values to several thousands of amperes within milliseconds. It results in heat generation (I\u00b2R), which can burn insulation, electricity discharge leading to ignition of combustibles, electrical arcs forming in industrial equipment, electrified objects that hurt people, and failure of appliances \u2014 all these phenomena can be stopped by fast-acting protective appliances (circuit breakers, fuses, and ground fault interrupters).<\/p>\n<h3>What exactly happens in a short circuit?<\/h3>\n<p>In a short circuit, the electrical current moves through the circuit not through the electrical load but through an unintended near-zero-resistance path. The surge of current is restricted only by the impedance of the source and wires, usually in the range of hundreds or thousands of amperes in milliseconds. This leads to extreme heating (I\u00b2R heating) which causes the coatings to melt and metal to turn into liquid and may result in the emergence of an electric arc. When protection is used, the circuit breaker or fuse breaks the fault within a fraction of the second; without protection, the overheated materials catch the fire which might result in a fire.<\/p>\n<h3>Can a short circuit resolve itself?<\/h3>\n<p>Hardly ever and never in a safe manner. Because a short circuit is when two bare conductive materials are in physical contact with each other, it does not fix itself. While there might be some moments of temporary arc during vibrating conductors being in motion, leading to injuries of insulating material and carbon tracks is adding onto the harm done by the fault. The only possible safe resolution is once the fuse is blown and the breaker is triggered. It is the only case when there is some kind of limit to what the damaging current can cause and will only require fixing the fault after it has been detected.<\/p>\n<h3>What would happen if a house had a short circuit?<\/h3>\n<p>When a home has proper protection, a short circuit occurs and causes the circuit breaker to act quickly, which makes it safe. The circuit stops functioning, and after fixing any problem, the reset makes the circuit work again. The worst thing that can happen in this instance is that the breaker gets tripped. However, if the circuit breaker is defective, oversized, or bypassed, via heating caused by the short circuit, the insulation of the wires gets melted, thus leading to fires caused by electric appliances in the walls. If the short circuit occurred in one of the electronic devices&#8217; chassis, the GFCI device will be activated, if present; if not, the circuit will keep feeding power to the appliance frame causing a dangerous situation.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/controlcircuitry.com\/what-is-a-short-circuit\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Control Circuitry \u2014 What is a short circuit: causes, types &amp; protection<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/engineerfix.com\/what-is-a-short-circuit-and-what-causes-one\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Engineer Fix \u2014 What is a short circuit and what causes one<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/electricalrepairauthority.com\/electrical-short-circuit-diagnosis\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Electrical Repair Authority \u2014 Diagnosing and repairing electrical short circuits<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usfa.fema.gov\/statistics\/residential-fires\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">US Fire Administration \u2014 Residential building electrical fire statistics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/codes-and-standards\/nfpa-70\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NFPA 70 \u2014 National Electrical Code (NEC), 2023 edition<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/codes-and-standards\/all-codes-and-standards\/list-of-codes-and-standards\/detail?code=70E\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NFPA 70E \u2014 Electrical safety in the workplace (arc flash)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>The occurrence of short circuit situations can be attributed to a fundamental principle of physics that states that if a current is allowed to flow through some path with a near zero resistance and one that avoids the work then, according to Ohm\u2019s Law, the current changes from the regular curve to unbelievable ones &#8211; hundreds and thousands of amps in the very short time leading to the release of heat and electric arcs that can melt the object, burn it, and give shock. The reasons leading to short circuiting are well-known &#8211; let\u2019s enumerate them: various defects of insulating materials, bad contacts, the presence of animals, high humidity, mechanical damages to the parts of the circuit, or mistakes made by people who repair electrical equipment and everything that can be done to eliminate this problem &#8211; fuses and circuit breakers for voltage surge; GFCI for ground faults; AFCI for arcing.<\/p>\n<p>Recent conclusion of the analysis performed on the issue is reported in the message which sounds the same for the owners of both houses and factories: respect the circuit breaker working to stop current from flowing; never bypass the protection or the circuit until the problem is solved; and ensure permanent maintenance of the circuit system &#8211; insulation testings, torque measurementings, thermal inspections, and GFCI\/AFCI testing.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Every electric fire that begins behind the wall, every cut-off which follows immediately when attatching the wired items to electro devices, every crackle and pop in an electric panel have the same cause. Electric short circuit is the most popular but at the same time the most dangerous fault in the whole electrical system; no [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4022,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4018","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4018"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4018\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4026,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4018\/revisions\/4026"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4018"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}