{"id":4291,"date":"2026-09-19T17:49:20","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T17:49:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/?p=4291"},"modified":"2026-09-19T17:52:42","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T17:52:42","slug":"mva-meaning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/blog\/mva-meaning\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dd ngh\u0129a MVA trong \u0110i\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft trong \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 MVA. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p; megavolt-ampere (MVA) l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn\u201d li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 MW). N\u00f3i chung, c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a theo c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng MVA. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft MVA \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p theo hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u MW, trong khi MVA c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a MVA v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3 v\u1edbi kVA, MW v\u00e0 kW, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb MVA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u2018MVA\u2019 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t MVA b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u volt-ampere (V*A) ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u volt chia cho m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn kilovolt-ampere (kVA). C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u2018S\u2019 ho\u1eb7c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u00e2n volt\/ampe (V*A) l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong m\u1ea1ch. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t pha v\u00e0 ba pha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nh\u01b0 sau: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t pha, \u2018S\u2019=V*I v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch ba pha \u2018S\u2019=\u221a3(V)(I) (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u00e2y (V) v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2y (I)). C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn trong m\u1ea1ch bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng) (MW), c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t (PF) trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf do m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a MVA<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Ch\u1eef c\u00e1i vi\u1ebft hoa M \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n mega, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u. VA l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a volt-ampere, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng volt v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ampe. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t MVA c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 1.000.000 volt-ampere, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea1y 1.000 ampe \u1edf 1.000 volt, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng 1 MVA.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kW v\u00e0 MW, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u 10 MVA cho m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 10 MW cho m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1; c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i sau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0 khi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng 1, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n<p>MVA ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng kVA ho\u1eb7c ampe; c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng MVA v\u00ec c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho kVA kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi cho \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi 0,5 MVA l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u1ee1 trung b\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 MVA ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4292\" src=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Why-Apparent-Power-Exists.webp\" alt=\"T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00fd do k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p \u0111o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i watt l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi hai gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd. L\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng; do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u; v\u00ec v\u1eady, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng pha v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p mang d\u00f2ng 1000 A \u1edf 400 V t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t trong cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y d\u00f9 t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 1 hay \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 0,3.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2014 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn \u2014 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng MW, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau cho m\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t; do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3ng t\u00ean s\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea3i. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111o m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p b\u1eb1ng MVA ho\u1eb7c kVA l\u00e0m cho con s\u1ed1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1p, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 UPS. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n; do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng VA ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 2 MVA, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 l\u00fd do thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng MVA \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c tr\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong <a href=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/blog\/the-difference-between-high-voltage-and-low-voltage\/\">s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>So s\u00e1nh MVA, kVA, MW, kW v\u00e0 MVAR<\/h2>\n<p>N\u0103m \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t\u201d gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tam gi\u00e1c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th>\n<th>K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n<th>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/th>\n<th>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MVA \/ kVA \/ VA<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<td>S<\/td>\n<td>\u221a3 \u00d7 V<sub>L<\/sub> \u00d7 I<sub>L<\/sub> (ba pha)<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ed5ng t\u1ea3i volt-ampere; x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MW \/ kW \/ W<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c<\/td>\n<td>P<\/td>\n<td>S \u00d7 cos\u03c6<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MVAR \/ kVAR \/ VAR<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng<\/td>\n<td>Q<\/td>\n<td>S \u00d7 sin\u03c6<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7<\/td>\n<td>PF ho\u1eb7c cos\u03c6<\/td>\n<td>P \/ S<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu \u00edch; t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ba \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tam gi\u00e1c vu\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1edfi c\u1ea1nh huy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc, v\u00ec v\u1eady quan h\u1ec7 S2 = P2 + Q2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y: MVA l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh huy\u1ec1n, trong khi MW v\u00e0 MVAR t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh hai c\u1ea1nh g\u00f3c vu\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tam gi\u00e1c; g\u00f3c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i<\/th>\n<th>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<th>1 MVA cung c\u1ea5p<\/th>\n<th>Ghi Ch\u00fa<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/td>\n<td>1.00<\/td>\n<td>00 MW<\/td>\n<td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u1ed1i \u0111a; hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh<\/td>\n<td>0.90-0.95<\/td>\n<td>90-0.95 MW<\/td>\n<td>Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh<\/td>\n<td>0.75-0.85<\/td>\n<td>0,75-0,85 MW<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00e0n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9<\/td>\n<td>0.30-0.60<\/td>\n<td>0,30-0,60 MW<\/td>\n<td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<td>0.60-0.80<\/td>\n<td>0,60-0,80 MW<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e9o h\u00e0i h\u00f2a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 thanh to\u00e1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 0,75 l\u00ean 0,95, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t MVA c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kho\u1ea3ng 25%, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng watt v\u00e0 ampe thay v\u00ec MVA, v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u2014 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p-d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n-c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0 trong <a href=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/blog\/how-many-watts-on-a-15-amp-circuit\/\">t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t watt tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch 15 ampe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-4293\" src=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/MVA-kVA-MW-kW-and-MVAR-Compared.webp\" alt=\"So s\u00e1nh MVA, kVA, MW, kW v\u00e0 MVAR\" width=\"1448\" height=\"1086\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh MVA<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (m\u1ea1ch ba pha). S = \u221a3 \u00d7 VL \u00d7 IL trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch ba pha 400 V v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng t\u1ea3i 500 A, S = 1.732 \u00d7 400 \u00d7 500 = 346,410 VA ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng 0.346 MVA.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n (m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t pha). S = V \u00d7 I. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t pha 230 V v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng t\u1ea3i 100 A, S = 23,000 VA ho\u1eb7c 0.023 MVA.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. S = P \u00f7 cos\u03c6. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra 4 MW v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 0.8, S = 4 \u00f7 0.8 = 5 MVA. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh 0.95, th\u00ec S ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 4.21 MVA v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ea3i m\u1edbi hay ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u1eeb kVA. MVA = kVA \u00f7 1,000. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi so s\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 750 kVA v\u1edbi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 1.5 MVA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m tinh ch\u1ec9nh quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb h\u00f3a l\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh: m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 20 MVA v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 30 MVA v\u1edbi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea1m vi MVA cho M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e1o gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>L\u1edbp<\/th>\n<th>Ph\u1ea1m vi MVA \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<th>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<th>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf<\/td>\n<td>025-0.5 MVA<\/td>\n<td>11-33 kV \/ 400 V<\/td>\n<td>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb g\u1eafn tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 g\u1eafn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00f2a nh\u00e0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<td>5-5 MVA<\/td>\n<td>11-33 kV \/ 400-690 V<\/td>\n<td>Cung c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<td>5-30 MVA<\/td>\n<td>33-132 kV<\/td>\n<td>Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t nh\u1ecf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn<\/td>\n<td>30-100 MVA<\/td>\n<td>132-275 kV<\/td>\n<td>Tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/td>\n<td>100-1,000+ MVA<\/td>\n<td>275-765 kV<\/td>\n<td>Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u0103ng \u00e1p m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>V\u00ec MVA \u0111o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn, n\u00ean c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c MVA. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 5 MVA ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 0.85 s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng 4.25 MW, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 0.75 MVAR ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p cho m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chia gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y cho h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p t\u0103ng t\u1ea3i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 MVA kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, l\u1edbp l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu khi xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng khi mua m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng t\u00ean. <a href=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/blog\/top-rated-electrical-distribution-systems-for-enterprise-scale-operations\/\">C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf quy m\u00f4 doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh thay v\u00ec nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn<\/h2>\n<p>MVA v\u00e0 M\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ed9 S\u1ef1 C\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<p>MVA l\u1ed7i = \u221a3 \u00d7 VL (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng kV) \u00d7 Isc (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng kA)<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n 400 Volt v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng 25 kA c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 1.732 \u00d7 0.4 \u00d7 25 = 17.3 MVA. N\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng logic cho 11 kV v\u00e0 20 kA, ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 381 MVA. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00ec m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y thay v\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c l\u1ed7i t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. C\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam song song, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng l\u1ed7i cao ngay c\u1ea3 khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<p>Khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng l\u1ed7i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng thay v\u00ec phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ecf \u0111\u00fac, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/product\/huw9-690v-6300a-air-circuit-breaker\/\">B\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed HUW9 690 V 6300 A<\/a> l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc khung, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ed3 quang v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang d\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau khi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ampe d\u00f2ng l\u1ed7i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<h2>MVA trong Ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n<p>M\u00e1y ph\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng MVA v\u00ec l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi d\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3ng t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u1ea3 hai s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi 150 MVA \u1edf h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 0.8, t\u1ea1o ra 120 M. S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u MVA s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong khi s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u MW s\u1ebd cho bi\u1ebft nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf bao nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u201c100MW\u201d s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi 100 MVA v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p t\u0103ng \u00e1p, b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 d\u00e2y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn. 320MW s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 MVA v\u00ec \u1edf h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 0.8, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 125 MVA, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb MW trong khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u MVA s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MVA \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i; trong khi c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n ghi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng MVA v\u00e0 MW c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n MVA v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngo\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t b\u1ed5 sung, do \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u1edbn ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i c\u1ea3 hai gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<h2>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng MVA trong Mua s\u1eafm<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn thay v\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u1ea3i; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chia c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn cho h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kW s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u201c5 MVA\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00eau c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 20 MVA khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1edbp l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n MVA l\u1ed7i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec7n \u00edch. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb mang \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y theo m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t b\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong <a href=\"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/blog\/what-is-ul-489-breakers\/\">c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00eda sau ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn UL 489<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>MVA \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>MVA, hay megavolt-ampere, l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb 1 tri\u1ec7u volt-ampe, ho\u1eb7c 1000 kVA. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho MVA l\u00e0 \u221a3 x \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u00e2y x d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1ch ba pha. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 MVA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft v\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn pha c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. MVA c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 2.5 MVA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 2,5 megavolt-ampe c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao 11 kV ho\u1eb7c 33 kV th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 400 V ho\u1eb7c 690 V. M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho b\u1eb1ng MVA \u2014 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng 0,85, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p 2,1 MW c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 2,5 MVA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian giao h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t cao.<\/p>\n<h3>kVA v\u00e0 MVA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ngh\u00ecn; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 1 MVA = 1.000 kVA. Theo th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n chung, kVA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t megawatt, ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, trong khi MVA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u1edbn trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, b\u1ed9 t\u0103ng \u00e1p m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea5u th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp khi bi\u1ebft quy m\u00f4.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa MW v\u00e0 MVA l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>MW bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1eefu \u00edch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. MVA x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea3i volt-ampe c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch. Hai \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau qua h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t MW = h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t * MVA. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p 10 MVA v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 0,9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p 9 MW. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong c\u00f9ng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 0,7, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p 7 MW t\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iec.ch\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u1ee6y ban K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u2014 IEC 60076 M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 IEC 60027 K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u1eef c\u00e1i<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ieee.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IEEE \u2014 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Chu\u1ea9n cho C\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfpa.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NFPA \u2014 B\u1ed9 Quy t\u1eafc \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0110i\u1ec1u 450 M\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u 110 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 D\u00f2ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ansi.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ANSI \u2014 Chu\u1ed7i m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ANSI C57, B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9n c\u1ea3m<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 \u2014 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t megavolt-ampere (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft MVA) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t. MVA bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb n\u00e0y trong ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi g\u00f3c tr\u1ec5 gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng MVA v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng kVA, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo MW ho\u1eb7c kW. MVA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo ba c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh: \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p (m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 0,025 MVA, trong khi m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p ti\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 1.000 MVA), nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh l\u1ed7i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (t\u00ednh l\u1ed7i trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 C\u0103n b\u1eadc hai c\u1ee7a 3 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi kV nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi kA), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng MVA quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Several electrical abbreviations exist and one such abbreviation is MVA. However, few people know the exact meaning of the abbreviation before reading the nameplate of the transformer; megavolt-ampere (MVA) which is &#8220;apparent power&#8221; relates to the total power or size of the electrical circuit or system regardless of its ability to perform any useful work [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4294,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4291"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4298,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4291\/revisions\/4298"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}