{"id":4434,"date":"2026-09-27T19:22:18","date_gmt":"2026-09-27T19:22:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/?p=4434"},"modified":"2026-09-27T19:22:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T19:22:20","slug":"for-electric-power-transmission-copper-or-aluminium-wire-is-used","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/huyuglobal.com\/vi\/blog\/for-electric-power-transmission-copper-or-aluminium-wire-is-used\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0110i\u1ec7n, D\u00e2y \u0110\u1ed3ng hay D\u00e2y Nh\u00f4m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00f4m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u1ecbp v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao nh\u00f4m \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng trong truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn: L\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua d\u00e2y nh\u00f4m, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 90% d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. D\u00e2y nh\u00f4m d\u00f9ng cho truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ACSR, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00e2y nh\u00f4m l\u00f5i th\u00e9p. D\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u01a1n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p, thanh c\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p. Nh\u00f4m ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 61% \u0111i\u1ec7n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 25-30% chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3ng kho\u1ea3ng 70%, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eb9 g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

C\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tranh lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

Hai kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh d\u00e2y c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng nhau. \u0110\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n; \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y c\u00f9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch. Nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng nh\u1edd tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang; n\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u cho c\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u1edf 20 \u00b0C<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed3ng k\u00e9o c\u1ee9ng<\/th>\nNh\u00f4m k\u00e9o c\u1ee9ng<\/th>\nTh\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t (\u00d710-8<\/sup> \u03a9\u00b7m)<\/td>\n1.72<\/td>\n2.83<\/td>\nkho\u1ea3ng 14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n (1% IACS)<\/td>\n97 (\u0111\u1ed3ng \u1ee7 m\u1ec1m 100)<\/td>\n61<\/td>\nkho\u1ea3ng 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 (kg\/m\u00b3)<\/td>\n8,890<\/td>\n2,703<\/td>\n7,800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o t\u1ed1i \u0111a (MPa)<\/td>\n380-420<\/td>\n160-200<\/td>\n1,300-1,500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u00d710-3<\/sup>\/\u00b0C)<\/td>\n3.93<\/td>\n4.03<\/td>\n4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn 2026)<\/td>\n800-11.000 USD m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n<\/td>\n400-3.200 USD m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n<\/td>\nPh\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n, nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kho\u1ea3ng 1,6 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 1,28 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00e0y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb7ng kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, do gi\u00e1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y d\u1eabn nh\u00f4m c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed kho\u1ea3ng 35-50% so v\u1edbi d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 52%.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00ec b\u1ecb k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1c<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao nh\u00f4m th\u1eafng th\u1ebf trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch hai tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. ACSR (Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced) bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u00e2y nh\u00f4m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u00f5i th\u00e9p c\u00f9ng th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm b\u00ean trong. L\u00f5i th\u00e9p duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng trong khi nh\u00f4m ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u1eabn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Th\u00e9p g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00ec n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, v\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong lo\u1ea1i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn n\u00e0y. D\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 54\/7, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 54 d\u00e2y nh\u00f4m bao quanh 7 s\u1ee3i l\u00f5i th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n

Khi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u1eb9, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ebb h\u01a1n. D\u00e2y nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n cho ph\u00e9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00edt c\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, m\u00f3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng \u00edt h\u01a1n. Theo c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh trong ng\u00e0nh, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m cho h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 20-40%. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y d\u00e0i h\u01a1n, l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t. V\u00ec thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00e2y d\u1eabn AC c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u1eb1ng nhau c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 28%, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3ng corona gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1eeba v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 400 kV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
D\u00e2y d\u1eabn<\/th>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/th>\nNgu\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<\/th>\nN\u01a1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
AAC<\/td>\nC\u00e1c s\u1ee3i nh\u00f4m nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 nh\u00f4m<\/td>\nKho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn, thanh c\u00e1i tr\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AAAC<\/td>\nC\u00e1c s\u1ee3i h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m-magie-silic<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p kim<\/td>\nM\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i k\u00e9p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACSR<\/td>\nNh\u00f4m tr\u00ean l\u00f5i th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm<\/td>\nL\u00f5i th\u00e9p<\/td>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACAR<\/td>\nNh\u00f4m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i h\u1ee3p kim nh\u00f4m<\/td>\nL\u00f5i h\u1ee3p kim<\/td>\nTuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ea7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n AAC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACSS<\/td>\nNh\u00f4m t\u00f4i tr\u00ean l\u00f5i c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td>\nL\u00f5i, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00f5i<\/td>\nN\u00e2ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cho h\u00e0nh lang hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Where copper still wins, and why<\/h2>\n

The underground cable is the last bastion of copper in the cable industry, and the reason for that is the issue of space. A trench, duct, or cable tray has a predetermined space, and any extra square millimeter of the conductor needs to be justified by digging, ducting, and pulling efforts. Wherever there is a need for a large cross-section, copper conductivity wins the competition. Underwater use creates one more rationale for copper use: strong construction for long supportless runs and at the entry points where cable is pulled.<\/p>\n

In electrical devices the picture is even clearer. Busbars, motor and transformer windings, contactor coils, control wires are all made of copper, since the housing has a fixed size, and connection quality manifests itself more than price of metal. 3,200 A of electrical busbar made out of copper should have about 1.6 times smaller section made of aluminum which normally does not fit. DC traction (metro third rail and overhead systems, arc furnaces, electrolytic plants) remains with copper for the same purpose.<\/p>\n

Then there is the conversion argument: any current system constructed from copper cannot be transitioned into aluminum without changing all the assumptions regarding ampacity, fault ratings and protection settings at the same time.<\/p>\n

The failure modes that gave aluminium a bad name<\/h2>\n

Aluminium has gained a bad reputation that it has largely earned \u2014 but it is not the material’s fault. During a time of unprecedented copper costs, it was then assumed that the same technologies, devices, and torque values being used on copper would also work when using aluminium in homes in North America. Three properties then played into the situation.<\/p>\n

First, aluminium reacts with oxygen and forms an oxide coating, which is an insulating material that has a melting point of around 2,072 \u00b0C; thus, it is good for corrosion-resistance and not good for screw terminals. Secondly, aluminium expands significantly more than copper during thermal cycles; therefore, the connection made is going to be loose after a great number of thermal cycling. Thirdly, since aluminium is anodic to copper, the presence of moisture causes galvanic corrosion of the contact whenever there is a direct contact of the two metals.<\/p>\n

All these problems lead to one classic failure: a receptacle getting warm enough to develop arcs. The solutions for making modern aluminium wiring safe are oxide inhibiting compound applied directly at connections, CO\/ALR-rated devices used especially for aluminium conductors, bimetallic transition connections between copper and aluminium, as well as torque values calculated and considered in respect of expanding properties of aluminium.<\/p>\n

For anyone working on existing aluminium branch circuits, the diagnostic is heat rather than appearance. A termination that has begun to fail will usually show discoloured insulation, a scorched device or nuisance tripping long before it fails outright, and the same fingerprint \u2014 warmth under light load, then trips that make no sense \u2014 is how you catch a breaker that has gone bad<\/a> at the other end of the circuit.<\/p>\n

Matching the conductor to the voltage class<\/h2>\n

The way power is transmitted changes as the transmission voltage changes, and the change is caused by geometry and not economics.Above roughly 220 kV, lines carry more than one conductor per phase, and the same logic that governs the difference between high voltage and low voltage<\/a> design decides how many. A 400 kV line commonly runs two or four sub-conductors per phase in a bundle rather than one very large conductor.<\/p>\n

The change in power transmission has to do with inductance and corona effects. Inductance of a power line is determined only by the physical radius of the wire, and the increase of the radius of a single wire does not have much influence on inductance. To make it effective, wires are bundled into a number of smaller wires, therefore, the effective radius increases with the number of wires, while maintaining the electric field at the surface low enough to avoid corona. Hence, the aluminum content in the wires grows with voltage, and the design of the wires is done beforehand, thus it does not depend on the manufacturer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
ACSR code name<\/th>\nStranding Al \/ steel<\/th>\nOverall diameter<\/th>\nDC resistance at 20 \u00b0C<\/th>\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Dog<\/td>\n6\/4.72 + 7\/1.57<\/td>\n14.15 mm<\/td>\n0.2745 \u03a9\/km<\/td>\n33-66 kV lines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Panther<\/td>\n30\/3.00 + 7\/3.00<\/td>\n21.00 mm<\/td>\n0.1390 \u03a9\/km<\/td>\n132 kV lines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zebra<\/td>\n54\/3.18 + 7\/3.18<\/td>\n28.62 mm<\/td>\n0.0688 \u03a9\/km<\/td>\n220 kV and 400 kV, bundled<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Moose<\/td>\n54\/3.53 + 7\/3.53<\/td>\n31.77 mm<\/td>\n0.0561 \u03a9\/km<\/td>\n400 kV, twin or quad bundle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

These names are derived from national conductor catalogs, while the figures that follow \u2014 including diameter, stranding, resistance, and geometric mean radius \u2014 are key considerations in designing a line. The first aspect concerning the substance of the conductor is resolved far in advance of reviewing the conductor table.<\/p>\n

\"Matching<\/p>\n

Ampacity, temperature and terminal ratings<\/h2>\n

The lower conductivity of aluminium extends to the ampacity tables as well. With the same conductor size, aluminium is able to conduct around 78-80% of the ampacity of copper at the same temperature rating for insulation. For example, a 1\/0 conductor rated at 75 \u00b0C presents an ampacity of 150 A in copper and an ampacity of 120 A in aluminium. In order to achieve the same ampacity level, it is necessary to use a larger conductor \u2014 the general rule is to use a conductor that is two AWG sizes larger than in copper.In the end, this brings the issue of the space \u2014the aluminium conductor that conducts the required current requires different raceway sizes, different lugs and more space at the panel.<\/p>\n

Two details in the code create most cases of errors in the field. The first one is the fact that ampacity depends on the temperature ratings of wiring and terminations. A 90 \u00b0C insulated conductor connected to a 75 \u00b0C rated terminal can only be used at the lower figure unless the assembly is listed otherwise, and that listing is exactly what a UL 489 molded case circuit breaker<\/a> declares in its terminal temperature rating rather than in its marketing literature. The second detail is that aluminium connections must be made using connectors that are listed as suitable for aluminium wiring, using the aforementioned torque and the oxide inhibitor according to the specifications of the connector manufacturer.<\/p>\n

What this means for switchgear and terminations<\/h2>\n

At this stage, the decision made by the conductor is no longer a decision regarding the wire, but one concerning the switchgear. The use of aluminium feeders requires that every piece of equipment connected to the wires is rated for both aluminium and copper; the termination equipment has to be bimetallic involving an aluminium and copper connection wherever aluminium is used with copper.<\/p>\n

HUYU’s manufacturing line makes components such as MCBs, MCCBs, air circuit breakers, contactors, relays, current transformers, surge protection devices, automatic transfer switches and PV combiner boxes. We do not produce wire, thus we do not view it to be up to us to make the choice between aluminium and copper.What we do is supply equipment whose terminals are rated for both, with the torque and conductor-range data published \u2014 a DIN-rail kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p<\/a> is only a 63 A device to the extent its terminals accept the conductor you bring to it.<\/p>\n

As we have learnt from our experience with failures in the field, it is important to remember that whenever a feeder changes material during a run, the junction of that change must be at a designated terminal or at a bimetallic connector \u2014 never half-way along a run with a split bolt and a piece of tape.<\/p>\n

How to decide on a real project<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/th>\nL\u00fd do<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Overhead transmission and distribution<\/td>\nAluminium (ACSR \/ AAAC)<\/td>\nWeight, span length, tower cost, diameter and corona<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Underground and submarine cable<\/td>\nCopper, sometimes aluminium for large LV<\/td>\nCross-section is expensive; robustness at landing points<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Switchgear busbars and control wiring<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed3ng<\/td>\nFixed enclosure volume; connection reliability<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Motor and transformer windings<\/td>\nCopper; aluminium in cost-driven distribution units<\/td>\nWinding space, losses, heat dissipation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Building feeders, larger circuits<\/td>\nAluminium for size and cost; copper for tight routes<\/td>\nTrade-off between metal cost and raceway space<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Existing installations<\/td>\nMatch what is already there<\/td>\nAvoid re-rating studies and mixed-metal terminations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

System-level decisions often push the answer one step further. On a large industrial site, the conductor material interacts with the distribution architecture \u2014 how many transformers, how long the MV runs, how much MV switchgear \u2014 which is why enterprise-scale distribution systems<\/a> are designed as a whole rather than conductor by conductor, and why optimising the architecture usually saves more than the metal swap does.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n

Is aluminium or copper better for power transmission?<\/h3>\n

Aluminium is preferred for overhead lines by an enormous factor, with more than 90% of the global network employed in its use. Copper is better suited for underground lines, equipment, or situations where the cross-section is predetermined. They both have their strengths; the question then is which constraint applies to the situation in question.<\/p>\n

Why is aluminium used instead of copper in overhead lines?<\/h3>\n

This is because an aluminium conductor with the same resistance weighs only approximately half as much and costs about 35-50% of the price of the copper equivalent. The fact that the weight is half makes the spans longer and more towers and smaller foundations are needed to properly support the structure.<\/p>\n

Can copper and aluminium wires be connected directly?<\/h3>\n

Avoid using it in any damp or exterior area. Aluminium is electropositive to copper, which can cause galvanic action in the presence of moisture within the connection. Therefore, make sure to use special bimetal connectors designed specifically for the two metals.<\/p>\n

Does aluminium wire carry less current than copper of the same size?<\/h3>\n

Indeed, typically the Copper rating is around 78 to 80 percent for the same insulation temperature of the insulation. If you want the same amount of current and voltage, you’ll use about two AWG sizes up which would require bigger conductors and therefore bigger sizes of both raceways and lugs as well.<\/p>\n

What is ACSR and why is the steel core there?<\/h3>\n

The Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) is formed by placing a steel wire core at the centre of several layers of aluminum wires. The role of steel is to take the tensile stress that the hard drawn aluminum cannot manage on long spans, while the aluminum is responsible for carrying electrical current. Since steel is located in the central part of the conductor where the place for the electrical current is minimum, almost no electrical loss occurs.<\/p>\n

Is aluminium wiring in a house dangerous?<\/h3>\n

Not per se, but it does require proper device installation. The mistakes that happened in the 1960s and 1970s can be attributed to the use of aluminum wire connectors with devices that were not rated for such conductors, but were utilized without the appropriate installation or proper torque. Nowadays, with the use of the oxide-inhibiting compound, the devices rated for CO\/ALR rating, as well as bimetallic gadgets the process works correctly and efficiently under the condition that those requirements are fulfilled.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n